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Life as we know it
Life as we know it













  1. Life as we know it plus#
  2. Life as we know it free#

This applies to mind and body of self and other and is central to understanding transference and countertransference. Patients with narcissistic disorders use projective defences resulting in a disordered sense of what belongs to whom. The implications for the analytic model of the Self, for clinical practice and for neuroscience research are considered. This paper compares presentations of disorders of the sense of body ownership and agency from psychoanalytic and neurological perspectives to demonstrate similarities in symptomatology proposing these similarities arise from adjustments in Friston's generative model of self-organization and selfhood. The probability of obtaining five x 2 values above this threshold by chance is vanishingly small p ¼ 0.00052. The largest value of the null distribution provides protection against false positives at a level of 1/82. Crucially, five of the subsystems in the true analysis exceeded the largest statistic in the null analysis. The distribution of the ensuing x 2 statistics (over 82 external elements) is shown in (b ) for the true (black) and null (white) analyses. This destroys any statistical coupling between the internal and external states but preserves the correlation structure of fluctuations within either subset. To ensure this inferential coupling was not a chance phenomenon, we repeated the analysis after flipping the external states in time. Interestingly, the motion that is predicted with the greatest significance is restricted to the periphery of the ensemble, where the external subsystems have the greatest latitude for movement. (c) Also shows the significance with which the motion of the remaining external states could be predicted (with the intensity of the cyan being proportional to the x 2 statistic above). Remarkably, this is the subsystem that is the furthest away from the internal states and is one of the subsystems that participates in the exchanges a closed subsystem in the previous figure. The location of the external subsystem that was best predicted is shown by the magenta circle on (d ). The fluctuations in internal states are visible in (a) and provide a linear mixture that correlates with the external fluctuation (highlighted with a white arrow).

life as we know it

The agreement is self-evident and is largely subtended by negative excursions, notably at 300 s.

life as we know it

The actual (dotted line) and predicted (solid line) position for the most significant external subsystem is shown in (c)-in terms of canonical variates (best linear mixture of position in two dimensions). The (classical) significance of this prediction was assessed using Wilks' lambda (following a standard transformation to the x 2 statistic). The eigenvariates were then used to predict the (two-dimensional) motion of each external subsystem using a standard canonical variates analysis. These represent a summary of internal dynamics that are distributed over internal subsystems.

life as we know it

Life as we know it plus#

These eigenvariates were obtained by a singular value decomposition of the timeseries over all internal functional states (lagged between plus and minus 16 s). (a) The first ( principal) 32 eigenvariates of the internal (functional) states as a function of time over the last 512 s of the simulations reported in the previous figures. This figure illustrates the Bayesian perspective on self-organized dynamics. In other words, they will appear to model-and act on-their world to preserve their functional and structural integrity, leading to homoeostasis and a simple form of autopoiesis. Therefore, the internal states (and their blanket) will appear to engage in active Bayesian inference. Crucially, this is the same quantity that is optimized in Bayesian inference.

Life as we know it free#

The existence of a Markov blanket means that internal states will appear to minimize a free energy functional of the states of their Markov blanket. These independencies induce a Markov blanket that separates internal and external states in a statistical sense.

life as we know it

This conclusion is based on the following arguments: if the coupling among an ensemble of dynamical systems is mediated by short-range forces, then the states of remote systems must be conditionally independent. This paper presents a heuristic proof (and simulations of a primordial soup) suggesting that life-or biological self-organization-is an inevitable and emergent property of any (ergodic) random dynamical system that possesses a Markov blanket.















Life as we know it